＜英語＞Gu Bin, The law and governance of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank（アジアインフラ投資銀行の法とガバナンス）, Alphen aan den Rijn, the Netherlands : Kluwer Law International B.V., [2019], xv, 234 pages ; 25 cm【DE64-P52】

【キーワード】

アジアインフラ投資銀行

【編集者・著者】

著者のGu Bin（顾宾）は北京外国語大学副教授。主な研究分野は、世界貿易機関法、国際金融機関法、国際投資協定法、グローバル経済ガバナンス。

【出版の背景・目的】

アジアインフラ投資銀行(AIIB)[1]は、中国主導で設立したアジアのインフラ整備を支援する国際開発金融機関。2013年に中国の習近平国家主席が創設を提唱し、2016年1月に開業した。創設メンバーはインド、英国、ドイツ、フランスなど57か国で、2022年10月末現在は加盟国として105か国・地域を認可している。日本とアメリカは、運営の透明性の欠如等を理由に参加を見送っている。本書はAIIBについて、グローバル経済ガバナンスの文脈と中国からの視点の説明を目的としている。

【本書のポイント】

本書はAIIBの概説のあと、いくつかのトピックに焦点を当てている。
第1部はAIIBの概要であり、特徴となっている中国による事実上の拒否権や、理事会は常設とはしないこと等の説明も含まれている。第2部はAIIBが資金供与するプロジェクト向けの機材やサービスの調達の方針、第3部はAIIB（とその職員や資産等）への免責の観点から見た加盟国との法的関係、第4部はAIIBによる紛争処理メカニズムについて説明している。
全体について、国際復興開発銀行(IBRD、または世界銀行)[2]、アフリカ開発銀行(AfDB)[3]、アジア開発銀行(ADB)[4]、欧州復興開発銀行(EBRD)[5]、米州開発銀行(IDB)[6]の参照や比較がなされている。
付録1ではAIIB設立協定本文が、付録2では関係する新聞記事8点が収録されている。

【目次】

Preface

Acknowledgments

PART I
The AIIB in General

CHAPTER 1
Chinese Multilateralism: The AIIB in General
§1.01 Introduction
§1.02 Why China Pivots to Multilateralism: Historical Survey
[A] Successful Multilateralism: The Creation of Bretton Woods System after World War II
[B] Failed Multilateralism: The Proposal of Asian Monetary Fund in 1997
[C] Unsustainable Elements in the Existing World Order
§1.03 The Agenda of the AIIB
[A] China Seeks to Project Its Experience in Infrastructure Building into the International Arena
[B] China Seeks to Deepen Domestic Reforms by Building a Compatible International Order
[C] The Nexus Between the AIIB and the Belt and Road Initiative
§1.04 The Law of the AIIB
[A] Multilateralism in the Decision-making of the AIIB
[1] Consensus-Seeking in the AIIB
[2] China's Veto power in the AIIB
[B] Multilateralism in the Governance of the AIIB
[1] The Bank Has a Non-resident Director System
[2] The Bank Operates in an Inclusive Manner on Important Matters
[3] The Bank Prioritizes Developing Countries' Interests
[C] Multilateralism in the Standards of the AIIB
§1.05 Conclusion

PART II
AIIB Procurement Law

CHAPTER 2
AIIB Procurement
§2.01 Introduction
§2.02 AIIB's Non-resident Board System
[A] Impact of the Executive Board of Traditional MDBs on Procurement
[B] AIIB's Non-resident Board System Contributes to Fair Procurement
§2.03 Trust Funds
[A] The US Experience with Trust Funds
[B] Trust Funds in the AIIB<
§2.04 The Criteria of a Private Entity
[A] MDB Definition
[B] WTO Definition
[C] China's SOE Reform and Its Relevance to AIIB-Financed Procurement
§2.05 Alternative Procurement Arrangements
[A] Country Systems
[1] Domestic Preference
[2] Government Procurement Agreement
[B] Co-financing
§2.06 Avoidance and Settlement of Disputes
[A] Procurement-Related Disputes: Classification
[B] Business Standards
[C] Standstill Period
[D] Envisioning Hands-on Expanded Implementation Support
§2.07 Conclusion

PART III
Immunity Law of the AIIB

CHAPTER 3
MDB Immunity in General
§3.01 Introduction
§3.02 MDB's Legal Personality as International Organizations
[A] What Are Multilateral Development Banks and What Are They Doing
[B] Multilateral Development Banks as International Organization
[C] MDB's International Legal Personality
§3.03 Immunity Theory in International Law
[A] Immunity Theory under Public International Law
[B] The Rationale Behind International Organizations' Immunities: Functional Necessity
§3.04 Application of Immunity Theory on MDBs
[A] Immunity for MDBs under International Law
[B] Immunity for MDBs in National Legislation
[C] Judicial Interpretations of Immunity for MDBs
§3.05 Conclusion

CHAPTER 4
AIIB Immunity: Scope, Challenges and Equilibrium
§4.01 Introduction
§4.02 Scope of application for AIIB Immunity
[A] Immunity of the Bank
[B] Immunity of Bank Personal
[C] Immunity of Bank Property and Asset
[D] Immunity of Bank Archives and Documents
§4.03 Challenges to AIIB Immunity
[A] Employment Disputes
[B] Environmental and Social Complaints
[C] MDB's Role in the Procurement Process
[D] Deficiencies in MDBs' Dispute Resolution System
[E] Publication of Sanctions Decisions
[F] Cooperation with Domestic Jurisdiction
§4.04 Equilibrium of AIIB Immunity: Two Examples
[A] Administrative Tribunal
[B] Accountability Mechanism
§4.05 Conclusion

PART IV
AIIB's Dispute Settlement Systems

CHAPTER 5
MDBs' Dispute Settlement Systems in General
§5.01 Introduction
§5.02 Accountability Mechanism
[A] The World Bank Inspection Panel
[B] Proposals on AIIB Accountability Mechanism
§5.03 Sanctions Regime
[A] Prohibited Practices
[B] Investigation and Sanctions Procedures
[C] Types of Sanctions
[D] Cross-Debarment
§5.04 Other Dispute Settlement Forums
[A] Commercial Transactions
[B] Employment Disputes
[C] Treaty Interpretation
[D] When an MDB Dissolves or a Member Withdraws
[E] Sovereign-backed Loans
§5.05 Conclusion

CHAPTER 6
AIIB's Accountability Mechanism
§6.01 Introduction
§6.02 The Accountability Mechanism: Inspection Panel as an Example
[A] The Inspection Panel Process
[B] Advantages and Achievements
§6.03 AIIB Accountability Mechanism: Four Proposals
[A] Build an Ad Hoc Panel of Outside Experts
[B] Relationship with the General Counsel
[C] Delineate Complaints by Delineating Responsibility
[D] Encourage Early Solutions At All Phases
§6.04 Conclusion

CHAPTER 7
AIIB's Sanctions Regime and Issues
§7.01 Introduction
§7.02 An Overview of AIIB Sanctions
[A] Prohibited Practices
[B] Investigation and Sanctions Procedures
[C] Types of Sanctions
§7.03 Special Mechanisms in AIIB Sanctions
[A] Standard of Proof
[B] Temporary Suspension
[C] Settlements
[D] Cross-Debarment
§7.04 Frontier Issues in AIIB Sanctions
[A] Scope of Sanctioned Parties
[B] Interaction Between MDB and Domestic Jurisprudence
[C] Publication of MDB Sanctions Decisions
§7.05 Conclusion

APPENDIX I
Articles of Agreement of the AIIB

APPENDIX II
Columns about the AIIB and Beyond by the Author

Index

【関連する国立国会図書館刊行物収載の文献】

田中 菜採兒, 湯野 基生「アジアインフラ投資銀行(AIIB)の概要」『調査と情報 = Issue brief』(888):2015.12.24

https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/9578214

（アジア情報課　酒井　剛）

注[1] https://www.aiib.org/en/index.html
[2] https://www.worldbank.org/en/home
[3] https://www.afdb.org/en
[4] https://www.adb.org/
[5] https://www.ebrd.com/home
[6] https://www.iadb.org/en